現代心理學的難題 62

V
PROBLEMS OF MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPY
現代心理學的難題 62

Carl Jung
卡爾 榮格

141
While the cathartic method restores to the ego such contents as are capable of becoming conscious and should normally be components of the conscious mind, the process of clearing up the transference brings to light contents which are hardly
ever capable of becoming conscious in that form. This is the cardinal distinction between the stage of confession and the stage of elucidation.

精神渲泄療法將能夠變成意識的這些內容，恢復給「小我」。正常來說，這些內容應該是意識心靈的成份。但是清理移情的過程，卻將幾乎無法以那種形式成為意識的內容，也呈現出來。這就是告解的階段與解釋的階段，基本的差異所在。

The cathartic method restores such contents to the ego.
= The cathartic method restores to the ego such contents.
精神渲泄療法將這些內容恢復給「小我」

Such contents are capable of becoming conscious and should normally be components of the conscious mind.
這些內容能夠變成意識。正常來說，應該是意識心靈的成份。

The process of clearing up the transference brings contents to light.
The contents are hardly ever capable of becoming conscious in that form.
清理移情的過程，將內容呈現出來。

Cardinal 基本的Serving as an essential component

The cathartic method restores to the ego such contents as are capable of becoming conscious and should normally be components of the conscious mind。
精神渲泄療法將這些內容恢復給「小我」。這些內容能夠變成意識。
as 是准關係代名詞，與前面的such呼應，引導後面的形容詞子句，修飾前面的contents。

142

We spoke earlier of two categories of patients: those who prove impervious to catharsis and those who develop a fixation after catharsis. We have just dealt with those whose fixation takes the form of transference. But, besides these, there are
people who, as already mentioned, develop no attachment to the doctor but rather to their own unconscious, in which they become entangled as in a web.

早先我們談論到兩種病人的分類：一種是證明不受渲泄療法影響的人，另一種是經過渲泄療法後，會顯示感情依附的人。我們剛剛處理過，那些感情依附採取移情形態的人。但是，除此而外，還有一些人們，我們已經提到過的，會顯示對醫生並沒有感情依附。相反的，他們是感情依附自己的無意識。他們糾纏于無意識，如同糾纏於網路。

142b

Here the parental imago is not transferred to any human object but remains a fantasy, although as such it exerts the same pull and results in the same tie as does the transference. The first category, the people who cannot yield themselves unreservedly to catharsis, can be understood in the light of Freudian research. Even before they
came along for treatment they stood in an identity-relationship to their parents, deriving from it that authority, independence, and critical power which enabled them successfully to withstand the catharsis.

在此，父母的理想意象並沒有被轉移到任何人的客體，而保留是一種幻想。雖然作為幻想本身，父母的理想意象，如同移情一樣，運用相同的影響力，並且造成相同的關係。第一種的人們，他們本身無法毫無保留地接受渲泄療法，從佛洛伊德研究的觀點，是可以理解的。甚至在他們前來求治時，他們跟他們的父母處於認同的關係。他們從這個認同關係，獲得那種權威，獨立及批判的力量，讓他們能夠成功地抗拒渲泄療法。

Imago—無意識的意象 (psychoanalysis) an idealized image of someone (usually a parent) formed in childhood 某人（ 通常是父母，在童年時形成的理想化意象。）

as such—as a fantasy 作為幻想本身
exert –Put to use 運用
pull—Special advantage or influence 影響力
result in—cause 引起
yield to—to allow oneself to be influenced or persuaded by 接受影響或說服
stand in—處於、、、立場to be in position to
withstand 抗拒 Resist or confront with resistance

As such it exerts the same pull and results in the same tie as does the transference.
= As a fantasy, the parental imago exerts the same pull and results in the same tie as the transference exerts the same pull and results in the same tie.
作為幻想本身，父母的理想意象，如同移情一樣，運用相同的影響力，並且造成相同的關係。

142c
They are mostly cultivated, differentiated personalities who, unlike the others, did not fall helpless victims to the unconscious activity of the parental imago, but rather usurped this activity by unconsciously identifying themselves with their parents.

他們大多數是受過良好教育，個體化區分適應良好的人。不像其他人，他們不會成為父母理想意象的無意識活動的無助受害者。相反的，他們會不知不覺地認同他們的父母親，而取代成為無助受害者的這個活動。

Usurp 取代 Take the place of
this activity 「這個活動」指的是「成為父母理想意象的無意識活動的無助受害者」all helpless victims to the unconscious activity of the parental imago

何謂「區分適應良好的人」Differentiated personalities？

Central to Jungian therapy is the concept of individuation, referring to the psychological evolution of an individual over time. Jung used the term to describe a lifelong expansion of consciousness, as well as the development of an increasingly differentiated personality. Individuation involves the growth of a unique human being through a deepening of awareness.

榮格治療的中心思想是個體化的觀念，提到隨著時間過去，個人在心理的進展。榮格使用這個術語，描述意識在人生的擴展，以及越來越區分良好的人格。個體化牽涉到獨特的人的成長，透過知覺的深化。

143
Faced with the phenomenon of transference, mere confession is of no avail; it was for this reason that Freud was driven to substantial modifications of Breuer’s original cathartic method. What he now practised he called the “interpretative method“

當他們面對移情的現象時，僅是告解是沒有用的。因為這個理由，佛洛伊德不得不實質上修正布魯爾原先的渲泄療法。他稱他現在所使用的方法為「解釋療法」。

Of no avail 沒有用途with no use, futile

Faced with the phenomenon of transference, mere confession is of no avail
= When they are faced with the phenomenon of transference, mere confession is of no avail
當他們面對移情的現象時，僅是告解是沒有用的。

What he now practised he called the “interpretative method“
= He called what he now practiced the “ interpretative method”.
他稱他現在所使用的方法為「解釋療法」。

何謂「布魯爾原先的渲泄療法」Breuer’s original cathartic method?

The so-called “cathartic method” was a treatment for psychiatric disorders developed during 1881-1882 by Joseph Breuer with his patient “Anna O.” The aim was to enable the hypnotized patient to recollect the traumatic event at the root of a particular symptom and thereby eliminate the associated pathogenic memory through “catharsis.”

所謂的「渲泄療法」是1881到1882年，由約瑟、布魯爾對於他的病人「安娜、奧」發展的精神病學的治療方法。目標是要使被催眠的病人回憶起創傷的事件，在特別的病徵的根源，然後透過「渲泄療法」，減少病因的記憶。

何謂「佛洛伊德的解釋療法」Freud’s interpretative method？

Freud begins by distinguishing from his own interpretive method both the “symbolic” (e.g. Joseph’s interpretation of Pharaoh’s dream of fat and lean cows as signifying good and bad Egyptian harvests), and the “decoding” (in which each dream element is looked up in a list in which, e.g., “letter” means “trouble” and “funeral” means “betrothal”) approaches.

佛洛伊德開始從他自己的「解釋療法」，區別「符號象徵」療法及「解碼」療法、前者如約瑟、布魯爾解釋法老王的夢見肥及廋的母牛，作為象徵埃及的豐收或歉收。後者則是將每個夢的因素，根據名單查閱，例如，「信件」的意思是「麻煩」，「「葬禮」」的意思是「妓院」。

雄伯譯
32hsiung@pchome.com.tw
https://springhero.wordpress.com