現代心理治療的難題 61

V
PROBLEMS OF MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPY
現代心理治療的難題 61

Carl Jung
卡爾 榮格

139
These curious and unforeseen mischances need elucidation just as much as the first-mentioned cases, those that proved inaccessible to catharsis. In spite of the fact that the two categories of patients are apparently quite different, elucidation is called for at precisely the same point– that is, where the problem of fixation arises, as was correctly recognized by Freud.

這些耐人尋味的無法預見的意外結果需要解釋，如同先前提到的個案，它們證明無法用渲泄療法來接近。儘管事實上這兩種病人顯而易見是不同的，要求的解釋卻確實是相同點。換句話說，感情依附要從哪里開始，這是佛洛伊德所正確體認到的。

Mischance—無法預測的不幸結果An unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate
何謂「感情依附」fixation？
Fixation (psychology), the state in which an individual becomes obsessed with an attachment to another human, an animal, or an inanimate object
在心理學，感情依附是個人對於另外一個人，動物，或無生物，產生依附的著迷的一種狀態。

139b

This is immediately obvious with patients who have undergone catharsis, especially if they remain bound to the doctor. The same sort of thing had already been observed as
the unpleasant result of hypnotic treatment, although the inner mechanisms of such a tie were not understood. It now turns out that the nature of the tie in question corresponds more or less to the relation between father and child. The patient falls
into a sort of childish dependence from which he cannot defend himself even by rational insight. The fixation is at times extraordinarily powerful–its strength is so amazing that one suspects it of being fed by forces quite outside ordinary experience.

對於那些曾經接受渲泄療法的病人，這馬上就顯而易見，特別是他們一直心靈依附醫生。相同種類的事情已經被觀察到，作為催眠療法的不愉快結果，雖然這樣一種關係的內部運作結構無法被瞭解。現在結果證明是，受到置疑的關係的特質，相當對應著父與子之間的關係。病人陷入一種孩童般的依靠。這種依靠，他無法憑藉理性的洞見，來防衛避開。這個感情依附有時特別強烈，它的力量是如此令人驚奇，以致我們懷疑這些力量的來源，來自日常經驗以外的地方。
139c

Since the tie is the result of an unconscious process, the conscious mind of the patient can tell us nothing about it. Hence the question arises of how this new difficulty is to be met. Obviously we are dealing with a neurotic formation, a new symptom directly induced by the treatment. The unmistakable outward sign of the situation is that the “feeling-toned” memory-image of the father is transferred to the doctor, so that
whether he likes it or not the doctor appears in the role of the father and thus turns the patient into a child.

因為這種關係是無意識過程的結果，病人的意識心靈無法告訴我們什麼。因此，就產生這個問題：這個新的困難應該如何來處理？顯而易見的，我們正在處理的是神經症的形成。這是一種新的病徵，直接由治療所引發。這種情況的一目暸然的外在徵兆是：父親「情結」的記憶跟意象，被轉移到醫生身上。所以，無論他喜歡與否，醫生都是以父親的角色出現，然後將病人轉變成為小孩。

Hence the question arises of how this new difficulty is to be met.
= Hence the question arises of how this new difficulty should be met.
因此，就產生這個問題：這個新的困難應該如何來處理。

何謂「父親「情結」的記憶跟意象」the “feeling-toned” memory-image of the father？

The term “complex”, or “feeling-toned complex of ideas”, was adopted by Carl Jung when he was still a close associate of Sigmund Freud. Complexes were so central to Jung’s ideas that he originally called his body of theories “Complex psychology” (

「情結」或是「觀念的強化情結」，是卡爾、榮格採用的術語，當他依舊是佛洛伊德的知己同事。「情結」是榮格的中心思想，所有他原先稱他的理論體系為「情結心理學」。

139d

Naturally the patient’s childishness does not arise on that account– it was always
present, but repressed. Now it comes to the surface, and the long-lost father being found again tries to restore the family situation of childhood. Freud gave to this symptom the appropriate name of “transference.” That there should be a certain dependence on the doctor who has helped you is a perfectly normal and humanly understandable phenomenon.

當然，病人的孩童依賴，並不是因為那個關係而產生。孩童依賴總是存在，但是被壓抑。現在，它浮到表面上，重新被找回來的失落很久的父親，設法恢復童年的家庭情況。佛洛伊德給予「移情」這個適當的名稱，說明這個病徵，應該要有某種的對於醫生的依賴，因為他曾經幫助過你，這是一種非常正常，而合乎人性的可理解的現象。

139f

What is abnormal and unexpected is the extraordinary toughness of the tie and its imperviousness to conscious correction.

異常及出乎意料之外的地方在於，這種關係的特別艱難，以及它無法接受意識的改正的影響。

Imperviousness 不受影響或貫穿the quality of being impenetrable (by people, light or missiles etc.)

140
It is one of Freud’s outstanding achievements to have explained the nature of this tie, or at least the biological aspects of it, and thus to have facilitated an important advance in psychological knowledge. Today it has been incontestably proved that the tie is caused by unconscious fantasies. These fantasies have in the main what we may call an “incestuous” character, which seems adequately to explain the fact that they
remain unconscious, for we can hardly expect such fantasies, barely conscious at best, to come out even in the most scrupulous confession.

解釋這種關係的特質，是佛洛伊德一種最傑出的成就，或至少就生物學層面而言。因此，心理學的知識得以突飛猛進。今天，我們已經無可爭辯地證明：這種關係是由無意識的幻想所引起。這些幻想大體上是我們所謂的「亂倫」特性。這個特性似乎足夠解釋這個事實：它們始終是無意識。因為告解若是謹慎從事，我們幾乎無法期待諸如其類的幻想會出現。它們充其量只能被意識到。

this tie,「這種關係」，指的是前面提到的病人與醫生之間，因為孩童依賴而產生的移情關係。

140b

Although Freud always speaks of incest-fantasies as though they were repressed, further experience has shown that in very many cases they were never the contents
of the conscious mind at all or were conscious only as the vaguest adumbrations, for which reason they could not have been repressed intentionally.

雖然佛洛伊德提到亂倫的幻想，好似它們是被壓抑。可是從更進一步的精神分析，我們發現到：在許多個案，它們從來就不是意識心靈的內容。或是在被意識到時，它們只有極其朦朧的輪廓。因為這個理由，它們本來不可能是刻意地受到壓抑。

Adumbration—模糊的輪廓A sketchy, imperfect or faint representation

Further experience has shown that…
= From our further experience, we have found that…
可是從更進一步的精神分析，我們發現到：

They could not have been repressed intentionally.
= It was impossible that they had been repressed intentionally/
它們當時不可能是刻意地受到壓抑。

顯然，榮格是在反駁佛洛伊德的「壓抑說」。理由是：在許多個案，亂倫的幻想從來就不是意識心靈的內容。或是在被意識到時，它們只有極其朦朧的輪廓。

140c
It is more probable that the incest- fantasies were always essentially unconscious and remained so until positively dragged into the light of day by the analytical method. This is not to say that fishing them out of the unconscious is a reprehensible interference with nature. It is something like a surgical operation on the psyche, but absolutely necessary inasmuch as the incest-fantasies are the cause of the transference and its complex symptoms, which are no less abnormal for being an artificial product.

更有可能的是，亂倫的幻想基本上總是無意識。它始終是無意識，直到憑藉精神分析的方法，我們才強迫使它真相大白。這並不是說，將它們從無意識裏呈現出來，是對人的自然天性，一種該受責備的干預。它倒是有點像是對於心靈，從事外科手術，但這是一種絕對必要的外科手術。因為亂倫幻想是移情，以及移情情結病徵的原因。這些病徵因為並非是自然的產物，所以同樣是異常的。

positively dragged into the light of day強迫使它真相大白
Fish out 拿出來to bring something up from somewhere
He fished out a coin from his pocket. 他從口袋掏出一個硬幣。

Reprehensible應該受到責備bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

雄伯譯
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