現代心理治療的難題 59

V
PROBLEMS OF MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPY
現代心理治療的難題 59

Carl Jung
卡爾 榮格

135
As may easily be imagined, the effect of such a confession on simple souls is very great, and its curative results are often astonishing. Yet I would not wish to see the main achievement of our psychology at this stage merely in the fact that some
sufferers are cured, but rather in the systematic emphasis it lays upon the significance of confession. For this concerns us all. All of us are somehow divided by our secrets, but instead of seeking to cross the gulf on the firm bridge of confession, we choose the treacherous makeshift of opinion and illusion.

這樣一種告解，對於純潔靈魂的影響是非常巨大，它的治療效果也是非常驚人。這是很容易想像得到的事。可是，我並不希望看到我們心理學在這個階段的主要成就，僅僅就是在這個事實：某些的遭受痛苦者被治療好。而是在於心理學對於告解的重要性，以系統方式的強調。因為這跟我們大家都息息相關。我們大家都有某種方式，受到我們的秘密所割裂。但是我們並沒有設法依靠告解這個堅固橋樑，來跨越這個鴻溝。我們選擇意見及幻見這些不可靠的權宜之計。

Makeshift 權宜之計Something contrived to meet an urgent need or emergency
Treacherous 不穩定而且難以預測Dangerously unstable and unpredictable

136
Now I am far from wishing to enunciate a general maxim. It would be difficult to imagine anything more unsavoury than a wholesale confession of sin. Psychology simply establishes the fact that we have here a sore spot of first-rate importance. As
the next stage, the stage of elucidation, will make clear, it cannot be tackled directly, because it is a problem with quite particularly pointed horns.

現在，我根本就沒有希望要發表一般性的原理。我們很難想像出有任何東西，會比原罪的全體告解，更加傷風敗俗。心理學僅僅證實這個事實：心理學異常重要，卻也令人惱怒。第二個階段，解釋的階段，將會澄清：這個令人惱怒的難題無法直接克服，因為這個難題特別的棘手地難於對付。

Unsavory 傷風敗俗Morally offensive
Establish 證實 Make clear the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment
Sore spot 令人懊惱的東西 a subject that makes you feel angry or upset when it is mentioned

137
It is of course obvious that the new psychology would have remained at the stage of confession had catharsis proved itself a panacea. First and foremost, however, it is not always possible to bring the patients close enough to the unconscious for them to perceive the shadows. On the contrary, many of them and for the most part complicated, highly conscious persons are so firmly anchored in consciousness that nothing can pry them loose.

當然，顯而易見的，這門新的心理學本來會保持在告解的階段，假如精神渲泄法當時證明自己是個萬靈藥的話。可是，尤其重要的是，我們未必有可能將病人帶到足夠靠近無意識，為了讓他們能夠看到陰影。相反的，許多病人，其中多數，甚至大部份都是心思複雜，而且具有高度意識感到人。他們堅定地牢靠在意識狀態，沒有東西能夠將他們橇鬆開。

The new psychology would have remained at the stage of confession had catharsis proved itself a panacea.
=The new psychology would have remained at the stage of confession if catharsis had proved itself a panacea.
這門新的心理學本來會保持在告解的階段，假如精神渲泄法當時證明自己是個萬靈藥的話。
這個句子最容易犯錯的地方，在於它是過去事實相反的假設法，而且還是if 省略掉假設法。

Panacea—萬靈藥
First and foremost—尤其重要的是
Anchor—穩定地停駐Fix firmly and stably
Pry loose—橇鬆開

It is not always possible to bring the patients close enough to the unconscious for them to perceive the shadows.
= It is not always possible to bring the patients close enough to the unconscious so that they may perceive the shadows.
我們未必有可能將病人帶到足夠靠近無意識，為了讓他們能夠看到陰影。
for them to perceive the shadows 不定詞片語，副詞用法，表結果

137b

They develop the most violent resistances to any attempt to push consciousness aside; they want to talk with the doctor on the conscious plane and go into a rational
explanation and discussion of their difficulties. They have quite enough to confess already, they say; they do not have to turn to the unconscious for that. For such patients a complete technique for approaching the unconscious is needed.

對於任何想要將他們從意識層面推開的意圖，他們顯示最強烈的抗拒。他們想要從意識的層次，跟醫生談話，然後開始理性的解釋及討論他們的困難。他們說，他們已經有足夠的東西可以告解；他們並不需要求助於無意識來獲得告解。對於諸如其類的病人，還需要一套完整的技巧，來接近無意識。

Develop 「顯示」show，而不是「發展」
Go into「開始」begin

They do not have to turn to the unconscious for that.
= They do not have to ask the unconscious for help to confess
他們並不需要求助於無意識來獲得告解

138
This is one fact which at the outset seriously restricts the application of the cathartic method. The other restriction reveals itself later on and leads straight into the problems of the second stage. Let us suppose that in a given case the cathartic
confession has occurred, the neurosis has vanished, or rather the symptoms are no longer visible. The patient could now be dismissed as cured if it depended on the doctor alone. But he or especially she cannot get away.

這是一個現實，從一開頭就嚴重地限制精神渲泄法的適用範圍。另外一種限制，隨後也顯露出來，並且直接促成第二階段的難題。容我們假定，在某一個個案，精神渲泄法已經運用，神經症征狀已經消失，或者，病徵不再看得見。假如治療僅是依靠醫生的話，這位病人現在可被認為是已經療愈。但是病人，特別是女病人，尚且不能就此離開。

At the outset –從一開始 from the beginning
Dismiss 認為是無需掛慮to decide that something is not important and not worth thinking or talking about

Get away 離開 leave

138b

The patient seems bound to the doctor through the confession. If this seemingly senseless attachment is forcibly severed, there is a bad relapse. Significantly
enough, and most curiously, there are cases where no attachment develops; the patient goes away apparently cured, but he is now so fascinated by the hinterland of his own mind that he continues to practise catharsis on himself at the expense of his adaptation to life. He is bound to the unconscious, to himself, and not to the doctor.

透過告解，病人跟醫生似乎產生心靈依附。這個表面看起來似乎無意義的心靈依附，假如被強迫撕開，會造成嚴重的舊病復發。非常重要的，也是非常耐人尋味的，有些的個案，並沒有顯示心靈的依附，病人顯而易見地痊癒離開。但是他現在對於他自己心靈的內在世界是如此的著迷，以致於他繼續對他自己從事精神渲泄法，而完全漠視他對現實生活的適應。他現在依附無意識，依附他自己，而不是依附醫生。

At the expense of 付出代價

Clearly the same fate has befallen him as once befell Theseus and Peirithous his companion, who went down to Hades to bring back the goddess of the underworld. Tiring on the way, they sat down to rest for a while, only to find that they had grown fast to the rocks and could not rise.

顯而易見，相同的命運發生在他身上，如同曾經發生在希西阿斯及他的同伴培瑞叟斯身上。他們前往陰間帶回冥府的女神。途中由於疲倦，他們坐下來休息一下，結果發現，他們跟岩石緊依附在一起，無法站起來。

They sat down to rest for a while, only to find that they had grown fast to the rocks and could not rise.
= They sat down to rest for a while, but found that they had grown fast to the rocks and could not rise.
他們坐下來休息一下，結果發現，他們跟岩石緊依附在一起，無法站起來。
only to find 不定詞片語，副詞用法，表示結果
fast—firmly fixed and safe 牢靠地依附
He made the boat fast. 他將船牢牢繫住。

雄伯譯
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