現代心理治療的難題 56

V
PROBLEMS OF MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPY
現代心理治療的難題 56

Carl Jung
卡爾 榮格

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A secret shared with several persons is as beneficial as a merely private secret is destructive. The latter works like a burden of guilt, cutting off the unfortunate possessor from communion with his fellows. But, if we are conscious of what
we are concealing, the harm done is decidedly less than if we do not know what we are repressing or even that we have repressions at all. In this case the hidden content is no longer consciously kept secret; we are concealing it even from ourselves.

一個跟好幾個人分享的秘密是有益的，如同一個僅是私人的秘密是有害的、後者的運作，像是一個罪惡的負擔，阻隔不幸的秘密擁有者，無法跟他的同伴心靈交流。但是，假如我們意識到，我們正在隱藏的東西，所造成的傷害絕對少於假如我們不知道我們正在壓抑的東西，或是甚至我們不知道，我們遭受壓抑。在這種情況，隱藏的內容不再是有意識地被保持秘密，我們正在隱藏秘密，不被自己知道。

Communion「心靈的交流」The sharing of personal thoughts and feelings
Cut off 「阻隔」 prevent
In this case 「在這種情況」，指的是「我們不知道我們正在壓抑的東西，或是甚至我們不知道，我們遭受壓抑」if we do not know what we are repressing or even that we have repressions at all.

It then splits off from the conscious mind as an independent complex and leads a sort of separate existence in the unconscious psyche, where it can be neither interfered with nor corrected by the conscious mind. The complex forms, so to speak, a miniature self-contained psyche which, as experience shows, develops a peculiar fantasy-life of its own. What we call fantasy is simply spontaneous psychic activity, and it wells up wherever the inhibitive action of the conscious mind abates or, as in sleep, ceases altogether. In sleep, fantasy takes the form of dreams.

秘密因此跟意識到心靈隔開，作為一個獨立的情結，並且在無意識的心靈裏，過著一種分開的存在。在無意識那裏，它既沒有被意識到心靈干涉，也沒有被改正。也就是說，這個情結形成一種迷你型的自我包容的心靈。根據精神分析經驗顯示，這種自我包容的心靈，發展一個屬於它自己的特別的幻想的生命。我們所謂的幻想，僅僅是自動自發的心靈的活動。每當意識心靈的壓抑行動減緩時，它會膨脹起來。或者，如同在睡眠時，它會完全停止。在睡眠時，幻想變成夢的形式。

Split off「隔開」separate

But in waking life, too, we continue to dream beneath the threshold of consciousness, especially when under the influence of repressed or other unconscious complexes. Incidentally, unconscious contents are on no account composed exclusively of
complexes that were once conscious and subsequently became unconscious by being repressed. The unconscious, too, has its own specific contents which push up from unknown depths and gradually reach consciousness. Hence we should in no wise picture the unconscious psyche as a mere receptacle for contents discarded by the conscious mind.

但是在清醒時，我們也繼續作夢，就在意識的門檻下。特別是當我們受到壓抑，或是其他無意識情結的影響。順便說一下，無意識的組成內容，無論任何理由，根本就不是情結所專有。這些情結曾經有一度是意識的情結，由於被壓抑，隨後才變成無意識的情結。這個無意識的情結，也有它自己明確的內容，從未知的深處往上推湧，然後漸漸地到達意識。因此，我們絲毫不應該描繪無意識的心靈，作為僅僅是一種接受器，收容意識心靈拋棄的內容。

Incidentally 順便說一下Introducing a different topic; in point of fact
On no account 無論任何理由都不能not for any reason
In no wise—絲毫不是 adv. In no way, manner, or degree; not at all.

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All unconscious contents, which either approach the threshold of consciousness from below, or have sunk only slightly beneath it, affect the conscious mind. Since the content does not appear as such in consciousness, these effects are necessarily
indirect. Most of our “lapses” are traceable to such disturbances, as are all neurotic symptoms, which are nearly always, in medical parlance, of a psychogenic nature, the exceptions being shock effects (shell-shock and the like).

所有無意識的內容，都會影響到意識的心靈。這些無意識的內容，要就是從底下上湧到意識的門檻，要不就是稍微下沉到它底下，影響意識的心靈。因為內容並沒有依照原樣出現在意識，這些影響必然是間接的。我們大多數的「口誤」都能夠被追蹤到這些困擾，如同所有的神經症的病徵。這些病徵，在醫學的專門術語裏，幾乎總是屬於心因性的特質，僅有的例外是驚嚇效應（炮彈驚嚇，等等）。

As such 依照原意 –as the word is usually understood; in the exact sense of the word

Most of our “lapses” are traceable to such disturbances, as are all neurotic symptoms,
= Most of our “lapses” are traceable to such disturbances, just as all neurotic symptoms are traceable to such disturbances.
我們大多數的「失誤」都能夠被追蹤到這些困擾，如同所有的神經症的病徵。

These symptoms are nearly always, in medical parlance, of a psychogenic nature, the exceptions being shock effects (shell-shock and the like).
= These symptoms are nearly always, in medical parlance, of a psychogenic nature, when the exceptions are shock effects (shell-shock and the like).
這些病徵，在醫學的專門術語裏，幾乎總是屬於心因性的特質，僅有的例外是驚嚇效應（炮彈驚嚇，等等）。

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The mildest forms of neurosis are the lapses of consciousness mentioned above e.g., slips of the tongue, suddenly forgetting names and dates, inadvertent clumsiness leading to injuries and accidents, misunderstandings and so-called hallucinations of memory, as when we think we have said something or done something, or faulty
apprehension of things heard and said, and so on.

輕微狀況的神經症，就是以上提到的意識到失誤：例如，口誤，突然忘記名字及日期，不專心的笨拙動作，導致傷害或意外，誤解及所謂的記憶的幻覺，如同當我們以為我們說了某件事情，或是做了某件事情，或是錯誤地理解聽到及說的事情，等等。

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In all these instances a thorough investigation can show the existence of some content which, in an indirect and unconscious way, is distorting the performance of the conscious mind.

在所有這些例子，一個徹底的調查將會顯示，有某種的內容存在。這種內容以間接及無意識的方式，正在扭曲意識心靈的表現。

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Generally speaking, therefore, an unconscious secret is more injurious than a conscious one. I have seen many patients who, as a result of difficult circumstances that might well have driven weaker natures to suicide, sometimes developed a suicidal
tendency but, because of their inherent reasonableness, prevented it from becoming conscious and in this way generated an unconscious suicide-complex.

因此，一般來說，比起意識的秘密，一個無意識的秘密造成的傷害更大。我曾經看見許多病人，由於某些困難的情況，有時候會顯示一種自殺的傾向。這些困難的情況，若是發生在較軟弱天性的病人身上，很有理由早就驅使他們自殺了。但是這些病人，由於理智的天性較強，阻止這個自殺傾向被意識到。以這種方式，他產生一種無意識的自殺情結。

Develop 的意思是「顯示」show，不是「發展」
These difficult circumstances might well have driven weaker natures to suicide.
= If these difficult circumstances had happened to weaker natures, they might well have been driven to suicide.
這些困難的情況，若是發生在較軟弱天性的病人身上，很有理由早就驅使他們自殺了。

Might well—have good reason 很有理由
後面接完成式，表示過去事實相反，可還原成假設法。

I have seen many patients who sometimes developed a suicidal tendency but prevented it from becoming conscious and in this way generated an unconscious suicide-complex.
我曾經看見過許多病人，他們有時顯示一種自殺的傾向，但是他們阻止這種自殺傾向被意識到。以這種方式，他們產生一種無意識的自殺情結。

This unconscious urge to suicide then engineered all kinds of dangerous accidents as, for instance, a sudden attack of giddiness on some exposed place, hesitation in front of a motor-car, mistaking corrosive sublimate for cough mixture, a sudden zest for dangerous acrobatics, and so forth. When it was possible to make the suicidal
leaning conscious in these cases, common sense could intervene as a salutary check: the patients could then consciously recognize and avoid the situations that tempted them to self-destruction.

無意識的自殺衝動，因此會計謀各種的危險的意外。例如，一陣突然侵襲的暈眩，在某個被暴露的地點，在汽車前面猶豫不定，誤將具有腐蝕性溶液，當成咳嗽藥，突然熱切地想要從事危險的動作，等等。在這些情況，將自殺的傾向被意識到是有可能，但是通常的理智都會介入，作為一種有益身心的調停。病人因此能夠有意識地體會到，並且避免會誘使他們走向自我毀滅的情況。

Common sense 通常的理智practical intelligence
Salutary 有益健康的 beneficial to health
Engineer 的意思「計畫、計謀」Plan and control how a complex undertaking is done
Sublimate 固體蒸發的溶液或氣體The product of vaporization of a solid

雄伯譯
32hsiung@pchome.com.tw
https://springhero.wordpress.com