雄伯手記100330d

雄伯手記100330d
75
To describe all the situations I came up against is almost impossible, so I must content myself with singling out a few typical cases.
A. 如果把所有的失敗諮詢情景都描述出來，這幾乎是不可能的，所以我挑選了幾個典型案例。
B. 要描述所有我所遭遇的情境，幾乎是不可能的。所以我挑選幾個典型案例，我聊表心慰了。
I came up against = which I came up against 是形容詞子記，修飾前面的 all the situations 所有的情境
Come up against—to meet ( something such as difficulty or opposition ) 遭遇（ 困難或反對）
We are sorry to be late with the goods, but we came up against some unexpected delays.
我們很抱歉貨物延遲，但是我們遭遇某種意料之外的耽擱。
2
It was with older patients that I had the greatest difficulties, that is, with persons over forty. In handling younger
A．在為年紀較大的病人往往是40歲以上的人，做諮詢的時候，我覺得問題是最大的。
B. 治療年紀較大的病人，我遭遇到最大的困難。換句話說，他們是超過四十歲的人。
3
In handling younger people I generally get along with the familiar viewpoints of Freud and Adler, for these tend to bring the patient to a certain level of adaptation and normality.
A. 當處理年輕的來訪者時，我就會持和佛洛德、阿德勒一樣的觀點，因為這些觀點的確會讓幫助患者，增強他們的生活適應性，從 而讓生活恢復一定的正常水準。
B. 當我處理年輕病人時，我通常使用佛洛伊德與阿德勒的熟悉觀點。因為這些觀點傾向于將病人，帶到適應生活及正常生活的某個層次。

Get along with 將就使用—to continue to live, work, etc,, often in spite of difficulties, by using ( something ) 繼續生活，工作或使用，即使是有點困難
I’ll get along with a bicycle until we can afford a car.
我將就使用自行車，直到我們買得起汽車。
4
Both views are eminently applicable to the young, apparently without leaving any disturbing after-effects.
A.、對年輕患者，這兩種觀點都非常適用，不會留下任何不良後遺症。
B. 他們兩人的觀點顯而易見地適用于年輕病人，顯然不會留下任何令人困擾的後遺症狀。
5
In my experience this is not so often the case with older people.
A. 然而，對年長的患者就不這樣了，至少根據我的諮詢經驗是這樣的。
B. 根據我的經驗，對於年紀較大的人，情況就往往不是這樣。
6
It seems to me that the basic facts of the psyche undergo a very marked alteration in the course of life, so much so that we could almost speak of a psychology of life’s morning and a psychology of its afternoon.
A. 我認為，人在不同生命階段會有很不同的心理體驗，尤其是在一些顯著變化的人生階段，像是我們常說的“晨起心理”和“午後心理”。
B. 我似乎覺得，心靈的基本事實，在人生的過程，會經歷顯著的起伏變化。所以，我們幾乎可以將心理學，區分為「早上心理學」跟「下午心理學」。
7
As a rule, the life of a young person is characterized by a general expansion and a striving towards concrete ends; and his neurosis seems mainly to rest on his hesitation or shrinking back from this necessity.
A. 一般而言，年輕人生活 的特徵是往前擴張，朝著明確的目標不斷努力，而他的神經症主要表現為他不願去努力，而是退縮。
B. 通常，年輕人的生命特徵，大體上是朝著具體的目標括張與奮鬥。他的神經官能症主要的原因是：他對於括張及奮鬥的必要性感到猶豫及退縮。
Rest on—have as its basis, be based on 以、、當基礎
This necessity 這個必要性，指前面的 the necessity of expansion and a striving towards concrete ends 朝著具體的目標括張與奮鬥
8
But the life of an older person is characterized by a contraction of forces, by the affirmation of what has been achieved, and by the curtailment of further growth.
A. 年長人生活的特徵則是往後縮，肯定自己那些收穫的成就，卻不會促進自身持續成長。
B. 但是老年人的生命的特徵，則是精力的內斂，對於已經獲得成就沾沾自喜，對於更進一步的增長適可而止。
9
His neurosis comes mainly from his clinging to a youthful attitude which is now out of season.
A. 他的神經症主要在於他還堅守著年輕時的處世態度，以為還必須去奮鬥去努力，實際上這些早已不適合了。
A. 老年人的神經官能症，主要是來自他還要固執著年輕時的態度。而那種態度，現在已經是不合時宜了。

10
Just as the young neurotic is afraid of life, so the older one shrinks back from death.
A. 年輕的神經症患者害怕面對生活， 而年長的則害怕面對死亡。
B. 年老的神聖官能症患者，對於死亡，會感到畏懼退縮，正如年輕的神經官能症患者會害怕人生，
Just as the young neurotic is afraid of life, 是副詞子句，表樣態，因為是附屬子句，中譯時，往往擺放後面，跟英文的順序相反。
Just as….so 句型的例句：
Just as most of us eat too much, so most of sleep too much.
大多數人睡眠的時間過長，正如大多數人吃得太多一樣。
As a man sows, so shall he reap. 一個人如何收穫，正如他如何播種。
（ 一分耕耘，一份收穫。）
10
What was a normal goal for the young man becomes a neurotic hindrance to the old—just as, through his hesitation to face the world, the young neurotic’s originally normal dependence on his parents grows into an incest-relationship that is inimical to life.
A. 對年輕人而言很正常的目標，對年長人而言，則變成了一種阻礙，成為導致神經症的原因年輕人若逃避生活，過於依賴父母而不敢自己 來面對一切，會漸漸變為一種亂倫關係，生活就會受到損害、阻礙。
B. 正如年輕人的神經官能症患者，由於畏懼面對人生，原先對於父母的依賴，會變成對於生活有害的亂倫關係。對於老年人，年輕時代原先正常的目標，也變成是一種神經官能症的障礙。

What was a normal goal for the young man becomes a neurotic hindrance to the old.
對於老年人，年輕時代的正常目標，變成了一種神經官能症的障礙。
這個句子的主詞是 what was a normal goal for the young man，其中的what 是關係代名詞，一方面引導名詞子句，充當 becomes 的主詞，另一方面what 本身又充當was 的主詞。 例句：
What was a small village ten years ago has developed into a prosperous city. 十年前的小籿莊，現在已經發展成為一個繁榮的都市。
Inimical —harmful 有害的 Grow into—become 變成為
Through his hesitation to face the world由於畏懼面對人生
11

11
It is natural that neurosis, resistance, repression, transference, “guiding fictions,” and so forth should have one meaning in the young person and quite another in the old, despite apparent similarities.
A. 關於神經症、阻抗、壓抑、移情、“主導幻想”等等，對年輕人而言是一個意思，而在年長者那裏則是另一個完全不同的意思了，雖然二者之間確實也存在著一些明顯的相似點。
B. 自然而然地，神經症、抗拒、壓抑、移情、「主導虛構」等等，對於年輕人會具有某種意義，對於老年人，又會具有另外一種意義，儘管兩種意義會有顯著的相似。
雄伯注釋：
何謂「主導虛構」guiding fictions？
A concept, proposed by Alfred Adler, that people have constant principles by which they evaluate their experiences and behavior. These guiding fictions form the background of people’s lives and often unconsciously influence the basic elements of their character.
「主導虛構」是阿德勒提倡的一個觀念：人們會有固定的原則，讓他們用來評估他們的經驗及行為。這些固定原則形成人們生活的背景，並且往往會無意識地影響他們人格的基本因素。
12
The aims of therapy should undoubtedly be modified to meet this fact. Hence the age of the patient seems to me a most important indicium.
A. 這時毫無疑問的，治療的目標就需進行相應的調整。因此，對我而言，患者的年齡 是諮詢過程中非常重要的考量因素。
B. 無可置疑地，心理治療的目標應該被修正，才能適應這個事實。因此，對我而言，病人的年齡似乎是一個非常重要的指標。
Indicium—sign 指標, indication 指示, symptom 病徵,