Jung Handbook 28

Jung Handbook 28

The Handbook of Jung Psychology
榮格心理學手冊

Dreams 夢
Mary Ann Mattoon 瑪麗 安 馬頓

Approaching an interpretation

處理夢的解析

Even when the interpretation seems to be supported by the dreamer’s
response, it may be incomplete or slightly off the mark. We can discover
this by checking to see that the setting and the major images have been
taken into account. If the wedding had taken place on top of a mountain,
for example, another dimension would have been added.

即使夢的解析受到作夢者的反應支持，它仍然不夠完整，或是稍微未得究竟。我們能夠現這一點，並且檢視：背景及主要的意象有否被考慮到。例如，假如婚禮發生在山上，我們本來可以另外增加一個向度。

What happens when an interpretation is incorrect? The dreamer’s psyche
is likely to reject it, either by an immediate, negative ego response (`That
doesn’t fit’) or by a subsequent dream. An example of both avenues of rejection followed interpretation by a woman dreamer’s male analyst. He had interpreted a previous dream as meaning that the dreamer should break off her relationship with her lover.

當夢的解析不正確的時候，會發生什麼事？作夢者的心理很可能會排斥它，無論是用當下的負面反應，（那種解析太離譜！）或是隨後再作一個夢反應。這兩種拒絕的方式，有一個例子。一位女作夢者，經過男精神分析師的解析之後，作的夢。他將先前的夢解析為意味著，作夢者應該跟她的情人斷絕關係。

The dreamer objected (verbally) to the interpretation. It became evident that her unconscious was even more dissatisfied; she had a subsequent dream that she had surgery, which proved to be injurious to her. The surgeon was the agent of attempted cure and unnecessary injury, just as the analyst had been in his interpretation.

作夢者口頭上反對這種解析。顯而易見的，她的無意識甚至更加不滿意。她隨後作一個夢：她去接受外科手術，這個手術對於她有傷害。外科醫生用意是要治療，結果卻是造成不需要的傷害，如同精神分析師在他的解析。

Analyst and dreamer concluded that the analyst’s interpretation of the
previous dream had cut out something healthy, thus damaging the dreamer.
When such a rejection of the initial interpretation occurs, it is important
to review the context and try again. When a valid interpretation is reached,
it usually goes unremarked by subsequent dreams.

精神分析師跟作夢者下結論：精神分析師對於先前的夢的解析刪除某件建康的東西，因此傷害到作夢者。但對於最初的解析度排斥排斥的時候，我們必須要重新檢視內容，再重新嘗試。當一個有效的解釋被獲得時，它通常會被隨後的夢最忽視。

In summary, the steps in dream interpretation are as follows:

1 Record the dream immediately after waking.
2 Write the personal associations and (where known) the archetypal
parallels to each dream image.
3 Write the conscious situation: the events and feelings surrounding the
dream.
4 Consider what interconnections there may be among the amplifications
and between them and the conscious situation.
5 Review the guidelines for approaching the dream: avoid assumptions;
the dream means what it says; it speaks the language of symbols; it
does not tell the dreamer what to do; interpretation is translation of the
dream language.
6 Characterise each dream image as subjective or objective, reductive or
constructive, compensatory or non-compensatory.
7 Identify the problem or complex with which the dream is concerned.
8 Hypothesise an interpretation; verify it by the dreamer’s response or
subsequent events.

總結來說，夢的解析的步驟如下：

1、清醒後，立刻記錄夢。
2、寫下個人的聯想及儘可能的原型的對比，跟每一個夢的意象。
3、寫下意識到情境：環繞夢的事件更感覺。
4、考慮它們可能的內部連接，在增強及它們與意識之間。
5、檢視處理夢的引導方針，避免假設。夢意味著它說的內容，它談到符號象徵的語言。它並沒有告訴作夢者應該怎麼辦。夢的解析是對於夢的語言的翻譯。
6、將夢的意象表現特性為主觀性或客觀性，化簡方式或是建設方式，補償或是非補償方式。
7、辨認出跟夢相關的難題或情結。
8、假設一個夢，以作夢者的回應及隨後的事件驗證它。

Are all these steps necessary? Yes and no. Yes, they are all needed for
maximum accuracy in interpretation. No, because an adequate interpretation
often can be reached without strict adherence to all the steps. The
latter choice often has to be made, at least in psychotherapy, because
including them all can require several hours for an interpretation to he
reached.

所有這些步驟都是需要的嗎？可說是，也可說不是。是，因為它們都需要，以求夢的解析盡可能地正確。不是，因為我們往往能夠獲得充份的解析，而不必拘泥所有的步驟。我們往往必須從事後者的選擇，至少在心理治療學，因為若是要將它們一一包含，將會需要好幾個小時，才能解析一個夢。

Thus, it is useful to know these steps as it helps in shortening the process.
One help is an increasing acquaintance with one’s dream history. Such
acquaintance gives us a head start on the context of each new dream.
Indeed, as dreams accumulate we may see patterns emerging: recurring
figures or settings, feelings that reflect interpersonal or inner conflicts in our
waking lives, or even a continuing story.

因此，知道這些步驟是很用的，因為它幫助我們縮短這個過程。其中一個幫助，就是我們對於某一個人夢的歷史漸漸熟悉。這樣的熟悉讓我們能夠開始解析每一個新的夢的內容。的確，隨著夢的數量增多，我們可能看到某些模式出現，反復出現的人物，背景，及反映在我們清醒時刻的人際或是內心的衝突，或甚至是一個連續的故事。

Another factor, especially helpful when we work with dreams in psychotherapy,
is that much of the non-dream information brought to a session is useful in dream interpretation. In many therapies, the client routinely tells the therapist what has been going on in the client’s life.

當我們研究心理治療的夢時，另外一個特別有幫助的因素是：諮商時，被提供的許多並不是夢的資訊，對於夢的解析也是有用。在許多心理治療中，個案物件例行地告訴精神治療師，在他生涯中曾經發生的事情。

Consequently, when a dream is introduced, some of the conscious situation
is already on the table. Indeed, in my experience as an analyst, the client
and I tend to turn to the dreams when we have a sense of what aspect of the
client’s life is the focus for that session.

結果，當夢被介紹時，有一些意識到情境已經攤放在桌上。的確，根據我當精神分析師的經驗，當我們感覺到個案物件的哪一面，是那節諮商的焦點時，個案物件跟我傾向於求助夢。

Thus, steps in dream interpretation are taken with varying frequency,
aided or hindered by intuitive leaps. The possibility of error is considerable,
but, as we have seen, errors can be revealed by the dreamer’s response and
subsequent events.

因此，我們採取夢的解析度步驟，要能靈活運用，憑著直覺的馳騁，加以添補或中止。錯誤的可能性相當高，但是如同我們看到的，從作夢者的反應跟隨後的事件，錯誤會被揭露出來。

Our dreams can help us by increasing our consciousness of the otherwise
hidden parts of our psyches. Simply paying attention to dreams increases
consciousness to some extent. Working through the interpretation process
increases it a great deal more. Thus we are aided in understanding ourselves,
our motives and purposes; enriched with possibilities for further
development, and strengthened in our ability to make valid decisions.
Many people find that understanding their dreams adds depth and richness
to their lives . . . and that working – and playing – with dreams is
simply fun.

我們的夢對於我們會有幫助。夢會增加我們的認識我們心理層面隱藏的部份。光是我們注意夢的本身，就已經有幾分程度增加我們的認識。透過夢的解析過程的探討，我們的認識更是突飛猛進。因此，夢幫助我們瞭解我們自己，我們的動機及我們的目標，充實我們未來發展的各種可能性，並增強我們正確決定的能力。許多人們發現，瞭解他們的夢，使他們生活更加具有深度及豐富。光是探討夢，就讓人玩得不亦樂乎。

陳春雄譯
32hsiung@pchome.com.tw
https://springhero.wordpress.com