Concerning Rebirth 04
關於重生
By Carl Gustiv Jung 榮格
Translated by Springhero 雄伯
II. Subjective Transformation
二：主觀的轉變
Transformations of personality are by no means rare occurrences. Indeed, they play a considerable role in psychopathology, although they are rather different from the mystical experiences just discussed, which are not easily accessible to psychological investigation. However, the phenomena we are now about to examine belong to a sphere quite familiar to psychology.
人格的轉變並非是罕見的事件。他們在心理治療扮演重要角色，雖然他們相當不同於剛剛所討論的不容易從事心理研究的神秘經驗。可是，我們現在將要討論的這個現象的領域，心理學頗為熟悉。
a. Diminution of personality. An example of the alternation of personality in the sense of diminution is furnished by what is known in primitive psychology as “ loss of soul.” The peculiar condition covered by this term is accounted for in the mind of the primitive by the supposition that a soul has gone off, just a dog that runs away from his master overnight. It is then the task of the medicine-man to fetch the fugitive back.
第一，人格的縮小。在原始心理學眾所皆知的「走失靈魂」，就是人格轉換縮小提供的例子。這個術語所涵蓋的特別情況，可以用原始人假定靈魂走失的心理來解釋，就像是狗一夜之間逃離主人一樣。這時，巫醫的職責就是把逃離者找回來。
Often the loss occurs suddenly and manifests itself in a general malaise. The phenomenon is closely connected with the nature of primitive consciousness, which lacks the firm coherence of our own. We have control of our will power, but the primitive has not. Complicated exercises are needed if he is to pull himself together for any activity that is conscious and intentional and not just emotional and instinctive.
往往喪失是突然發生，在抑鬱不樂中顯現。這個現象跟原始意識的天性有密切關聯，因為後者缺乏本身的堅固一貫。我們有意志力量的控制力，但是原始意識沒有。假如原始人想要振作自己從事任何有意識及刻意，而不僅僅是情感跟本能的活動，他需要複雜的運用。
Our consciousness is safer and more dependable in this respect; but occasionally something similar can happen to civilized man, only he does not describe it as “ loss of soul” but as an “ abaissement du niveau mental,” Janet’s apt term for this phenomenon. It is a slackening of the tensity of consciousness, which might be compared to a low barometric reading, presaging bad weather.
我們的意識在這一方面比較安全跟可靠，但是有時文明人也會發生類似的事，只是我們不描述為「靈魂走失」，而是借用傑涅的術語「心神喪失」。意識的強度變得鬆弛，可以被比喻為晴雨表氣壓低，可預測是不好的天氣。
The tonus has given way, and this is left subjectively as lifelessness, moroseness, and depression. One no longer has any wish or courage to face the tasks of the day. One feels like lead, because no part of one’s body seems willing to move, and this is due to the fact that one no longer has any disposable energy. This well-known phenomenon corresponds to the primitive’s loss of soul. The lifelessness and paralysis of will can go so far that the whole personality falls apart, so to speak, and consciousness loses its unity; the individual parts of the personality make themselves independent and thus escape from the control of the conscious mind, as in the case of anaesthetic areas or systematic amnesias. The latter are well known as hysterical “ loss of function” phenomena. This medical term is analogous to the primitive loss of soul.
靈魂的堅固已經崩坍，主觀上剩下的是無生命，陰鬱及沮喪。我們不再有願望跟勇氣去面對當天的工作。感覺像鉛般沉重，身體似乎沒有一個部份願意移動。這是因為我們不再有任何可處理的精力。這個眾所周知的現象類同靈魂的喪失。意志奄奄一息，會痲痺到整個人格所謂的瓦解，意識失去了一致性。人格的個別部份各自獨立，逃離意識心靈的控制，如同局部被麻醉或失憶症患者。後者是眾所周知的歇斯底里「功能喪失」的現象。這個醫學術語類似原始人的「靈魂走失」。
Abaissement du niveau mental can be the result of physical and mental fatigue, bodily illness, violent emotions, and shock, of which the last has a particularly deleterious effect on one’s self-assurance. The abaissement always has a restrictive influence on the personality as whole. It reduces one’s self-confidence and the spirit of enterprise, and, as a result of increasing egocentricity, narrows the mental horizon. In the end it may lead to the development of an essentially negative personality, which means that a falsification of the original personality has supervened.
心神喪失有時是生理及精神的疲憊，身體的疾病，強烈的情感和驚嚇，最後一項對自信心的影響尤其有害。心神喪失對於人格整體總是會有限制性的影響。它減少我們的自信心跟企圖心，而且由於越來越專注自己的結果，精神的地平線也跟著窄狹起來。最後它可能導致本質上是負面人格的發展，也意味著原創性人格的虛假化已經發生。
P41—p42
Concerning Rebirth 04
關於重生
By Carl Gustiv Jung 榮格
Translated by Springhero 雄伯
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