精神分析四个基本观念 203

Concept 203

THE SEMINAR OF JACQUES LACAN Book XI
拉康研讨班第十一册

THE FOUR FUNDAMENTAL
CONCEPTS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
精神分析四个基本观念

2
THE FREUDIAN UNCONSCIOUS AND OURS
佛洛伊德的无意识与我们的无意识

I will not go so far as to remark that the problem of cause has always been an embarrassment to philosophers, and that it is not as simple as might be thought when, in Aristotle, one sees the four causes balancing one another—for I am not philosophizing here, and would not claim to carry out so heavy an undertaking with so few references.

我不会夸张其词说，原因的问题总是哲学家的一种尴尬。问题不像大家认为的那么简单。在亚力斯多德，我们看到这四个原因互相平衡—因为我在此并不是要讲述哲学，我并没有宣称憑藉如此贫瘠的指称，就要从事如此沉重的企图。

However, these references are enough to bring out the meaning of what I am insisting on. For me, cause—any modality, even if Kant inscribes it in the categories of pure reason—to be more precise, he inscribes it in the table of relations, between inherence and community —cause is not any the more rationalized for this.

可是，这些指称足够显示我在此坚持的意义—对于我而言，任何的辅助，即使是康德铭记它，在纯粹理性的范畴里—更确实地说，他铭记它在关系的表格上，在固有性与社会之间—原因并没有因此而更加理性化。

Cause is to be distinguished from that which is determinate in a chain, in other words the law. By way of example, think of what is pictured in the law of action and reaction. There is here, one might say, a single principle. One does not go without the other.

原因应该被区别，跟锁链的决定因素。换句话说，跟法则区别。作为例子，想想行动与反行动的方则所描绘的。我们不妨说，在此是一个单一的原则。行动与反行动相辅相成。

The mass of a body that is crushed on the ground is not the cause of that which it receives in return for its vital force—its mass is integrated in this force that comes back to it in order to dissolve its coherence by a return effect. There is no gap here, except perhaps at the end.

一个身体的质量在地面被压倒，并不是它接收的原因，以回应它的生命力量—它的质量被合并在回倒它的这个力量里，为了以回转效应，瓦解它的一贯性。在此，没有差距，除了或许在结局的部分。

Whenever we speak of cause, on the other hand, there is always something anti-conceptual, something indefinite. The phases of the moon are the cause of tides—we know this from experience, we know that the word cause is correctly used here.

在另一方面，每当我们谈论原因，总是有某件东西无法被观念化，某件不明确的东西。月亮的圆缺的是潮汐的原因—我们从经验知道这个，我们知道文字的原因在此正确地被使用。

Or again, miasmas are the cause of fever—that doesn’t mean anything either, there is a hole, and something that oscillates in the interval. In short, there is cause only in something that doesn’t work.

再一次，沼气是身体发烧的原因—这并不意味着其它事情。有个空洞，某件东西摇摆在中间。总之，仅有在没有运作的东西，才有原因。

Well! It is at this point that I am trying to make you see by approximation that the Freudian unconscious is situated at that point, where, between cause and that which it affects, there is always something wrong.

呵呵！就在这个时候，我正在尝试以比喻让你们明白，佛洛伊德的方式被定位在那一点，在原因与它的结果之间，总是出现某种的问题。

The important thing is not that the unconscious determines neurosis—of that one Freud can quite happily, like Pontius Pilot, wash his hands. Sooner or later, something would have been found, humoral determinates, for example—for Freud, it would be quite immaterial.

重要的事情并不是无意识决定神经症—像庞修斯、皮拉多总督撇清判处耶稣死刑的关系，佛洛伊德很庆幸撇清无意识决定神经症的关系。迟早，有某件东西本来会被发现，譬如，是人的体液决定神经症。对于佛洛伊德而言，这是无关紧要的。

For what the unconscious does is to show us the gap through which neurosis recreates a harmony with a real—a real that may well not be determined.

因为无意识所做的，就是要跟我们显示这个差距。通过这个差距，神经症重新创造跟真实界的一种和谐—这种真实界很有理由无法被决定。

In this gap, something happens. Once this gap has been filled, is the neurosis cured? After all, the question remains open. But the neurosis becomes something else, sometimes a mere illness, a scar, as Freud said—the scar, not of the neurosis, but of the unconscious.

在这个差距，某件事情发生。一旦这个差距已经被填满，神经症就被治疗好了吗？畢竟，这个问题始终没有答案。但是神经症变成某件其它东西，有时仅是一种病，一种疤痕，如佛洛伊德所说的—这个疤痕，并不是神经症的疤痕，而是无意识的疤痕。

I am not handling this topology very skilfully, because I do not have time—I have simply jumped into the deep end—but I think you will be able to feel guided by the terms that I have introduced when you come to read Freud’s own works.

我处理这个拓扑图形，并不是很巧妙，因为我时间不够—我仅是匆促就跳到结论—但是我认为你们将会能够感觉，我介绍的这些术语跟你们的引导，当你们前往阅读佛洛伊德自己的著作。

Observe the point from which he sets out — The Aetiology, of the Neuroses—and what does he find in the hole, in the split, in the gap so characteristic of cause? Something of the order of the non-realized.

请观察他出发的这一点—神经症的病原论—他在这个空洞找到什么，在这个分裂，表现原因的特性的这个差距？某件属于无法实现的层次的东西

One uses the term refusal. This is rather hasty—indeed, for some time now, one has no longer been sure what the term refusal means. At first, the unconscious is manifested to us as something that holds itself in suspense in the area, I would say,
of the unborn. That repression should discharge something into this area is not surprising. It is the abortionist’s relation to limbo.

我们使用「拒绝」这个术语。这是相当匆促的—的确，现在有段时间，我们不再确定，这个「拒绝」的术语是什么意思。起初，有人跟我们证明，无意识是某件将自己悬置在某个区域的东西，悬置在未被诞生的区域，我不妨这样说。那个压抑应该将某件东西释放到这个区域，是不足为奇。这是跟生命的幽冥地区的堕胎的关系。

Certainly, this dimension should be evoked in a register that has nothing unreal, or dereistic, about it, but is rather unrealized.

确实地，这个维度应该被召唤，在一个没有任何不真实的铭记，或是关于它的「自闭症」，但是它完全没有被实现。

It is always dangerous to disturb anything in that zone of shades, and perhaps it is part of the analyst’s role, if the analyst is performing it properly, to be besieged—I mean
really—by those in whom he has invoked this world of shades, without always being able to bring them up to the light of day.

在那个幽冥的地区，扰乱任何东西总是危险的。或许这是精神分析师的角色扮演的部分，假如精神分析师演出得体的话。他会包围，我是指真正的包围，被那些他在幽冥地区召唤的那些人包围。他未必总是能够将他们带到光天化日来。

One can never be sure that what one says on this matter will have no harmful effect—even what I have been able to say about it over the last ten years owes some of its impact to this fact.

我们永远无法确定，对于这个事情，我们所说的，会不会有伤害性的影响—甚至过去十年来，我们能够说的关于它，会对这个事实，产生一些它的影响。

It is not without effect that, even in a public speech, one directs one’s attention at subjects, touching them at what Freud calls the navel—the navel of the\dreams, he writes, to designate their ultimately unknown centre—-which is simply, like the
same anatomical navel that it, that gap of which I have already spoken.

There is a danger in public precisely in so far as it is addressed to those knew this, a certain type of discourse can be addressed to those furthest away.

并不是没有影响，甚至在公开的演讲，我们将我们的注意力转向一些主题，触及它们，在佛洛伊德所谓的「肚脐」，梦的肚脐，他写到，指明它们最后未被知道的中央—跟解剖的相同肚脐一样，这就是我已经提到的差距。

In actual fact, this dimension of the unconscious that I am evoking had been forgotten, as Freud had quite clearly foreseen. The unconscious had closed itself up against his message thanks to those active practitioners of orthopaedics that the analysts of the second and third generation became, busying themselves, by psychologizing analytic theory, in stitching up this gap.

实际上，我正在召唤这个无意识的维度，已经被人忘记，如同佛洛伊德清楚预见。无意识封闭它自己，对抗他的讯息，由于第二代及第三代的精神分析师，成为整形外科医生，所实施的那些手术。他们兢兢业业，将精神分析的理论变为心理学，缝补这个差距。

Believe me, I myself never re-open it without great care.
请相信我，我自己每次啟开无意识，无不小心翼翼。

雄伯译
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