雄伯手記100324b

雄伯手記100324b
Freud’s demand that the causes be made conscious has be-come the leitmotiv or basic postulate of all the more recent forms of psychotherapy. Psychopathological research during the last fifty years has proved beyond all possibility of doubt that the most important aetiological processes in neurosis are essentially unconscious; while practical experience has shown that the making conscious of aetiological facts or processes is a curative factor of far greater practical importance than suggestion. Accordingly in the course of the last twenty-five or thirty years there has occurred over the whole field of psychotherapy a swing away from direct suggestion in favour of all forms of therapy whose common standpoint is the raising to conscious-ness of the causes that make for illness.

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佛洛德要求 把病因意識化的做法已經成為了所有晚近的心理治療的主旨和前提。最近五十年來的精神病理學的研究毫無置疑地證明了神經症的病原學過程本質上是無意識的；同 時實踐經驗也表明，對病原學事實或過程進行意識化是比暗示具有更遠大的實踐重要性的治療性因素。於是在過去的二十五或三十年間，整個心裏治療領域都背離了 直接暗示，轉向其共同立場是提升對致病原因的意識化程度的各種治療形式。
依雄伯之見
1
Freud’s demand that the causes be made conscious has become the leitmotiv or basic postulate of all the more recent forms of psychotherapy.
A. 佛洛德要求 把病因意識化的做法已經成為了所有晚近的心理治療的主旨和前提。
B. 佛洛伊德要求，我們應該關注的是病因。這個要求已經成為最近的心理治療的主旨，或是前提。
demand 要求，後面還是接名詞子詞，還是有假設法的「祈使」意涵，子句裏的should 還是省略。差別的是，demand 現在是名詞，當整句的主詞，後面的名詞子句 that the causes should be conscious ，當它的同位語。
Freud demanded that the causes ( should ) be made conscious.
= Freud demanded that we should make the causes conscious.
佛洛伊德要求，我們應該關心到病因
conscious 在此的解釋不是「意識化」而是「使被關注」
He is environmentally conscious.= He is conscious of environment.
他關心環保。
They have become increasingly health-conscious.
他們越來越關心建康。

Freud’s demand has become the leitmotiv or basic postulate of all the more recent forms psychotherapy.
佛洛伊德要求已經成為最近心理治療的主旨，或是前提。

Leitimotive—an idea or a phrase that is repeated often in a book or work of art, 書籍或藝術作品一再被重複的主旨
Postulate—a statement that is accepted as true, that forms the basis of a theory, etc. 前提，理論基礎
leitimotive 跟 postulate 中間的連接詞是or ，不是 and 。也就是leitimotive 跟postulate 不是兩個不同意義的詞語，而是同位語的關係。那個 or ，類似 in other word 換句話說。
2
Psychopathological research during the last fifty years has proved beyond all possibility of doubt that the most important aetiological processes in neurosis are essentially unconscious.

A. 最近五十年來的精神病理學的研究毫無置疑地證明了神經症的病原學過程本質上是無意識的。
B. 近五十年來，精神病理學的研究無可置疑地證明，神經症的病原學中，最重要的過程，基本上，尚未為人所知。
C. The most important aetiological processes in neurosis are essentially ( in) the unconscious.
神經症的病原學過程本質上是無意識的。
C. The most important aetiological processes in neurosis are essentially unconscious.
神經症的病原學中，最重要的過程，基本上，尚未為人所知。

the unconscious 無意識，
unconscious 的意思是unaware 不知道，沒有覺察到
英文詞典的定義，相近的有兩條：
1. characterized by lack of awareness or intention: 不知道，或是沒有意圖，an unconscious blunder 沒有覺察到錯誤
2. coming from or produced by the unconscious: 從無意發出
unconscious resentment 不知不覺地憤忿
D
aetiological—the scientific study of the causes of disease 病因學
beyond possibility of doubt 無可置疑地
3
； while practical experience has shown that the making conscious of aetiological facts or processes is a curative factor of far greater practical importance than suggestion.
A. 同時，實踐經驗也表明，對病原學事實或過程進行意識化是比暗示具有更遠大的實踐重要性的治療性因素。
B. 雖然根據心理治療的實際經驗顯示，使病因的事實或過程讓病人知道，比起暗示治療，才更是具有實際重要性的治療因素。

while 在句子的功用是連接詞，而非A中譯的副詞「同時」。while 在此表示「雖然」，跟前面的主要主句銜接。因為前後句子太長，故標點符號用分號（；），而非逗號（ ，）。

The making conscious of aetiological facts or processes is a curative factor of far greater practical importance than suggestion.
= Making the patient conscious of aetiological facts or processes is a curative factor of far greater practical importance than suggestion.
使病因的事實或過程讓病人知道，比起暗示治療，才更是具有實際重要性的治療因素
4
Accordingly in the course of the last twenty-five or thirty years there has occurred over the whole field of psychotherapy a swing away from direct suggestion in favour of all forms of therapy whose common standpoint is the raising to consciousness of the causes that make for illness.
A. 於是在過去的二十五或三十年間，整個心裏治療領域都背離了直接暗示，轉向其共同立場是提升對致病原因的意識化程度的各種治療形式。
B. 因此，過去十五或三十年間，在心理治療界的整個領域，轉變的趨勢就是脫離直接的暗示治療。取而代之的是各色各樣的治療方式，這些治療方式的共同觀點，就是要提升病人覺察促成疾病的原因。
Accordingly –therefore 因此 In the course of –during在…期間
make for —cause 引起，促成
There has occurred over the whole field of psychotherapy a swing away from direct suggestion.
= A swing away from direction suggestion occurred there over the whole field of psychotheraphy.
轉變的趨勢就是脫離直接的暗示治療。
occurred 發生，
在此，它是不及物動詞。主詞是後面的A swing away from direction suggestion

 

In favor of all forms of therapy 各種治療方式取而代之

If you replace one thing in favour of another,, you think the second thing is better or you want it more.

假如你用某件東西取代另一件東西，你認為第二件東西比較好，你比較想要。

He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a musician.

他放棄教書工作，而以音樂家的生涯取而代之。

 

The common standpoint of all forms of therapy is the raising to consciousness of the causes.= The common standpoint of all forms of therapy is raising the causes to consciousness.

這些治療方式的共同觀點，就是要提升病人覺察原因。

 

The causes make for illness.= The causes leads to illness.

這些原因促成疾病。

 

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