精神病 347
雅克、拉康
Before I finish I would like to draw your attention to the significant, indeed
unfortunate, words that Flechsig said to Schreber on the occasion of his relapse
when the latter arrived for his consultation in an extremely disturbed state.
Flechsig had already been elevated for him to the value of an eminent paternal
character. The function of paternity had previously already been put on
alert or in suspension. We know from his testimony that he had hoped to
become a father, that over the pecriod of eight years separating the first from
the second crisis his wife had had several spontaneous abortions. Now, Flechsig
said to him that since the previous occasion enormous progress has been
made in psychiatry and that they are going to give him one of those short
sleeps that will be very fertile.16
在我结束之前,我想要提醒你们注意这些具有意义,但是诚属不幸的话语,弗列西格对许瑞伯说的话语,在他复发之时。当许瑞伯前来谘商治疗,处于极端困扰的状态。对于他而言,弗列西格已经被提升到杰出父权人物的价值。父权的功能先前已经被保留作为警惕。我们从他的证词获知,他曾经希望成为一位父亲,经过第一次危机与第二次危机区隔的八年的时期,他的妻子已经有好几次自动地堕胎。现在,弗列西格对他说,自从先前的场合以来,精神医学已经有了重大的进步。他们将要给他将会很有帮助的短期睡眠治疗。
Perhaps this was just the thing not to say. From this moment our Schreber
no longer slept and that night he tried to hang himself.
或许,这就是不该说出的事情。从这个时刻开始,我们的许瑞伯就不再睡觉,那天晚上,他尝试上吊自杀。
The relation of procreation is in fact implicated in the subject’s relationship
to death. I shall keep this for next time.
27 June 1956
生殖的事实上关系牵涉到主体跟死亡的关系。我保留下这个到一次。
精神病 347
XXV
The phallus and the meteor
第二十五章
阳具与流星
PREVALENCE OF CASTRATION
IDA MACALPINE
NATURAL SYMBOLIZATION AND SUBLIMATION
THE RAINBOW
INSERTED IN THE FATHER
阉割的盛行
艾达、马卡派恩
自然的象征化与升华
彩虹
被插入于父亲里
I’m not sure what to begin with to end this course. On the off chance, I’ve
put two small schemas on the board for you.
我并不确定,要用什么开始,为了结束这个课程。期望地,我曾经将两个小基模放置在黑板上,给你们看。
The first is an old one. It’s a sort of grid which I used at the start of this
year to try to show you how the problem of delusion is raised if we want to
structure it insofar as it appears to be a relation in some way linked to speech.
The second of these schemas is entirely new and I will have occasion to refer
to it shortly.
首先是一个旧的基模。那是一种框格,在今年开始,我用来尝试跟你们显示,幻觉的问题如何被提出,假如我们想要架构它。因为它似乎处于某种的关系,以某种跟言说连接的方式。第二个基模完全是新的。不久我将有机会提到它。
1
What I have put forward this year has been centrally concerned with placing
the emphasis back upon the structure of delusion. Delusion may be regarded
as a disturbance of the object relation and is therefore linked to a transference
mechanism. But I wanted to show you that all its phenomena, and I even
think I can say its dynamics, would be clarified in reference to the functions
and structure of speech. This will also free this transference mechanism from
all kinds of confused and diffuse object relations.
今年我已经提出的东西,主要的关心,是将强调放回到幻觉的结构。幻觉可能被认为是客体关系的扰乱,因此跟移情的机制息息相关。但是我想要跟你们显示,所有它的现象,将会被澄清,我甚至认为,我能够说出它的动力,关于言说的功能与结构。这也将会让移情的机制免除各种混淆与弥漫的客体关系。
By hypothesis, whenever one deals with a disturbance regarded overall as
immature, one refers to a linear developmental series derived from the immaturity
of the object relation. Now, experience shows that this unilinearity
leads to impasses, to inadequate, unmotivated explanations that superimpose
themselves on one another in a way that does not enable cases to be differentiated
and, first and foremost, obliterates the difference between neurosis
and psychosis. The mere experience of partial delusion mitigates against
speaking of immaturity, or even of regression or simple modification of the
object relation.
每当我们处理大体上被认为是不成熟的困扰,假设上,我们提到的是,从客体关系的不成熟而获得的直线发展的系列。现在,经验显示,这种单一直线发展会导致僵局,导致不充分,而且没有引起动机的解释。这些解释彼此重叠一块,并无法让各种个案被区别出来。尤其重要的是,它抹除神经症与精神病之间的差异。光是部分的幻觉的经验,就会缓和,无法谈论到不成熟,或甚至是倒退,或简单地修正客体关系。
The same thing goes if one refers to the neuroses alone. Next year we shall
see that the notion of object relation isn’t univocal, when I begin by contrast-
ing the object of phobias with the object of perversions. This will be to take
up again, at the level of the category of object, the problem of the relations
between the subject and the other, two terms which, regarding the psychoses,
are opposed.
假如我们仅是提到神经症,也是相同的情况。明年,我们将看见,客体关系的观念并不是无可置疑的,当我开始对照恐惧的客体与变态的客体。这将会再次探讨到主体与他者的关系的问题,在客体的范畴的层次。关于精神病,这两个术语是对立的。
I left you last time with two opposed descriptions, Freud’s and that of a
psychoanalyst who is far from being without merit and, while representing
the most modern tendencies, has at least the advantage of doing so very intelligently.
Let’s briefly summarize Freud’s position on the subject of Schreber’s delusion
and the objections brought against him, and let’s see if anything like a
better solution has even begun to be outlined.
上次我用两个对立的描述作为结束。弗洛依德与描述与一位精神分析师的描述。后者并非没有优点,当他代表最现代的趋向,他至少拥有现代知识处理的这个优势。让我们简短总结弗洛依德对于许瑞伯的幻觉的主体的立场,以及对他不利的各种反对意见。让我们看出,是否有更好的解决甚至被描绘出轮廓出来。
For Freud, we’re told, Schreber’s delusion is linked to the irruption of a
homosexual tendency. The subject negates it, defends himself against it. In
his case, which isn’t the case of a neurotic, this negation ends in what we
might call divine erotomania.
我们被告诉,对于弗洛依德,许瑞伯的幻觉跟同性恋倾向的发作息息相关。主体否认它,防卫他自己,对抗它。在他的情况,那并不是神经症的情况,这种否认结果是我们所称为的色情狂。
You know how Freud divides up the various denials [delegations] of the
homosexual tendency. He starts from a sentence that symbolizes the situation
– / love him, a man.1 There is more than one way of introducing denial into
this sentence. One may say for example, Its not I who love him or, Its not
him I love or again, Far me there is no question of love, I hate him. Moreover,
he tells us, the situation is never simple and isn’t limited to a simple symbolic
reversal. For reasons that he takes to be implied sufficiently, but upon which
as a matter of fact he doesn’t insist, an imaginary reversal of the situation
occurs in only a part of the three terms, namely / hate him is for example
transformed through projection into He hates me. In our case, Ifs not him I
love, its someone else, a big He, God himself, is inverted into He loves me, as
in all erotomania. It is clear that Freud is indicating that the final result of
defense against the homosexual tendency can’t be understood in the absence
of a very advanced reversal of the symbolic apparatus.
你们知道,弗洛依德如何区分,对于同性恋倾向的各种的否认。他从象征这个情况的一个句子开始:「我爱他,一个男人。」要将否认介绍进入这个句子,不只一个方式。譬如,我们可以说「爱他的并不是我」,或「我爱的并不是他」,或「对我而言,并不存在爱的问题,我恨他。」而且,他告诉我,这个情况永远不是简单的,并没有极限于简单的象征的逆转。因为他认为是充分被暗示的理由,但事实上,他并没有坚持这个理由,情况的想象的逆转仅是发生在这三个术语的一部分。换句话说,譬如,「我恨他」通过「他恨我」的投射到转换。在我们的情况,「我爱的并不是他,而是某位其他的人,一位大他者的他,上帝的自身」,被逆转成为「他爱我」,如同在所有的色情狂。显而易见地,弗洛依德指示著,假如欠缺象征工具的深度逆转,防卫对抗同性恋的的最后结果,无法被理解。
Everything may therefore appear to revolve around defence. It must
undoubtedly be very intense indeed to propel the subject into trials that extend
to nothing less than the derealization, not only of the external world in general,
but of the very people around him, even those he is closest to, including
the other as such. This necessitates an entire delusional reconstruction, following which the subject gradually resituates, though in a profoundly disturbed
way, a world in which he is able to recognize himself, in an equally
disturbed way, as destined – at a time projected into the uncertainty of the
future, at a date that is indeterminate but that certainly cannot be delayed –
to become the subject par excellence of a divine miracle, that is, to be the
support and feminine receptacle of the recreation of all humanity. Schreber’s
delusion in its final state presents with all the megalomaniacal characteristics
of delusions of redemption in their most highly developed form.
每样东西因此似乎环绕着防卫旋转。无可置疑地,要将主体推进各种考验,这种防卫必然会很强烈。因为这些考验实实在在就是跟现实脱节,不但是跟一般的外在世界脱节,而是跟他周围的人们脱节。甚至跟他最亲密的人脱节,包括他者自身。这让幻觉的重新建构就有必要。在幻觉的重新建构之后,主体逐渐重新建立一个他能够体认出他自己的世界,虽然是以饱受困扰的方式,以一个同样受困扰的方式,作为是命运注定。当他被投射到未来的不确定当中,在一个不确定的日期,但是确实不能再拖延的日期。为了要成为神性奇迹的优秀的主体。换句话说,要成为重新创造人类的女性容器的支持。许瑞伯的幻觉在它的最后的状态,以充分发展的形态,呈现救赎的幻觉的夸大狂的特性。
雄伯译
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