The Psychoses 12
精神病患
Jacques Lacan
雅克、拉康
Ill
THE WORD AND THE REFRAIN
文字与叠句
AUTOMATISM AND ENDOSCOPY
自动机制与内视镜检视
PARANOID KNOWLEDGE
偏执狂的知识
GRAMMAR OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
无意识的文法
2
Those of you who attend my case presentations are aware that last time I presented quite a clear case of psychosis and will recall the amount of time I put into drawing from her the sign, the stigma, that proved we were indeed dealing with a delusional and not simply with a person of difficult character who quarrels with those around her.
你们参加我的个案讨论的那些人，都知道，上一次我呈现一个相当清楚的精神疾病的个案，让人想起我曾经花费许多时间从她那里获得这个讯息，这个羞辱。它证明我们确实是在处理一种幻觉，不仅是一个困难性格的人 她跟她周围的人物争吵。
The examination went well beyond the hour that it usually takes for it to appear clearly that, at the limits of this language that there was no way of making her go beyond, there was another one.
这个检查远超过通常所需要的那个小时，为了让它清楚出现。在这个语言的限制，不可能让她超越，还有另外一个方法。
This is the language, which has a particular and often extraordinary savor, of the delusional. It’s a language in which certain words take on a special emphasis, a density that sometimes err, giving it this frankly neologistic character that is so striking in the creations of paranoia. From out of the mouth of our patient of the other day there finally emerged the word galopiner,4 which gave us the signature to everything that had been said up to that point.
这就是这个语言，它具有一个特别而且时常特殊的嗜爱幻觉。这就是这个语言，在这个语言里，某些的字词具有一种特别的强调，一种有时犯错的密度，给予它这种坦白的铸造新词的特性。这种特性在偏执狂患者的创造物里，是如此的引人注意。从前天我们的病人的嘴里，出现「街头顽童」这个字眼，给予我们这个直到当时所被道及的一切的背书。
This was something quite different from the frustration of her dignity, of her independence, of her daily affairs, of which the patient was the, victim. This term frustration has belonged to the vocabulary of decent people for some time now – who doesn’t go on all day long about the frustrations they have experienced or will experience or that others about them experience? She was obviously in another world, in a world in which this term galopiner, and doubtless many others that she hid from us, constitute essential reference points.
这是某件完全不同于她的尊严，她的独立性，她的日常事物的遭受挫折，病人是这些的受害者。「挫折」这个术语，现在已经属于正当人们的字彙。这些正当的人们并没有整天从事关于他们曾经经验到，或是将会经验到的挫折，或是关于他们的人们经验到的挫折。她显而易见地处于另外一个世界。在那个世界，「街头顽童」这个术语，无可置疑地，许的其他的术语，她隐藏不让我们知道，组成了基本的指称点。
Let me pause here for a moment so you can appreciate how necessary are the categories of the linguistic theory that last year I was trying to make you feel comfortable with.
让我在此暂时停止一下，这样你才能够欣赏，去年我曾经尝试让你们感觉自在的语言学理论的范畴，所多么的需要。
You recall that in linguistics there is the signifier and the signified and that the signifier is to be taken in the sense of the material of language. The trap, the hole one must not fall into, is the belief that signifieds are objects, things. The signified is something quite different – it’s the meaning, and I explained to you by means of Saint Augustine, who is as much of a linguist as Monsieur Benveniste, that it always refers to meaning, that is, to another meaning.
你们回忆一下，在语言学，有能指与所指指。能指应该被理解为语言的材料。这个陷阱，我们一定不要掉落的空洞，就是这个信仰：所指是客体，是物体。所指是某件完全不相同的东西。它是意义，我凭借圣奥古斯丁跟你们解释。他跟边文尼斯特是同样的优秀的语言学家。它总是提到意义，换句话说，总是提到另外一种意义。
The system of language, at whatever point you take hold of it, never results in an index finger directly indicating a point of reality; it’s the whole of reality that is covered by the entire network of language. You can never say that this is what is being designated, for even were you to succeed you would never know what I am designating in this table – for example, the color, the thickness, the table as object, or whatever else it might be.5
语言的系统，无论你们在哪一点掌握它，从来没有产生一种中指，直接指向现实点。这是整个的现实，被语言的整个网络所遮盖。你们永远不能够说，这就是所被指明的东西，因为即使你们想要成功，你们永远不会知道，我以这个表格指明的是什么。譬如，这个颜色，这个厚度，这个表格作为客体，或是任何其他东西。
Let us pause at this quite simple little phenomenon of galopiner that came from the mouth of the patient the other day. Schreber himself constantly underlines the oddness of certain terms in his discourse. When he speaks to us for example of the Nervenanhang, nerve contact, he makes it quite clear that this word was spoken to him by the tested souls or the divine rays.
让我们暂时停止一下，对于前天来自病人嘴中的这个简单的「街头顽童」的小现象。苏瑞伯本人不断地强调在他的论述里某些术语的的奇特性。当他跟我们谈论，譬如，谈论到「神经接触」，他表达得相当清楚：这个字词是承受过煎熬的灵魂或是神性的光辉，跟他言说的字词。
These are key words, and he himself notes that he would never have found the
formula for them, for the original words, the full words, which are very different from the words he uses to communicate his experience. He himself makes no mistake about this, there are different levels here.6
这些都是关键字，他自己注意到，他本来永远不会发现到这个公式来代替它们，代替这些原创的字词，这些完整的字词。它们截然不同于他使用来沟通他的经验的那些字词。关于这一点，他自己并没有犯错误，在此有不同的层此。
At the level of the signifier, in its material aspect, the delusion is characterized
precisely by that special form of discordance with common language known as a neologism. At the level of meaning, it’s characterized by the following, which will appear to you only if you set out with the idea that a meaning always refers to another meaning, that is, precisely, that the meaning of these words can’t be exhausted by reference to another meaning.
在能指的层次，在它的材料的层面，幻觉的特殊性质，确实是跟众所周知的铸造新词的通俗语言的不协调，产生的那个特别形式。在意义的层次，它的特色如下：仅有当你们带着这样的观念出发，意义总是提到意义。也就是说，这些字词的意义，无法被提到另一个意义穷尽，这个意义才会出现在你们身上。
This can be seen in Schreber’s text as well as in the presence of a patient. The meaning of these words that pull you up has the property of referring essentially to meaning as such. It’s a meaning that essentially refers to nothing but itself, that remains irreducible. The patient himself emphasizes that the word carries weight within itself. Before being reducible to another meaning it signifies within itself something ineffable, it’s a meaning that refers above all to meaning as such.
在苏瑞伯的文本以及一位病人的面前，这一点能够被看得出来。让你们停止的这些字词的意义，具有这种特这种特色：它基本上是提到意义的本身。这一个意义基本上没有提到别的，仅是它自己的本身，这个意义始终无法被还原。病人本身强调：这个字词在它的本身之内，具有意义的份量。在意义被还原成为另外一个意义之前，它的意义是指向它的本身之内的某个无法被表达的东西。尤其重要的是，这一个意义提到意义的本身。
We can see this at the two poles of all the concrete manifestations of which these patients are the centre. However far the endophasia that covers the entire phenomena to which they are subject is taken, there are two poles where this characteristic is taken to its highest point, as Schreber’s text stresses, two types of phenomena where the neologism is displayed – the intuition and the formula.
在病人作为中心的所有的具体的证明的两极，我们能够看出这一点。无论它们臣服的涵盖整个现象，这个内化地无可表达是如何深入地被看待，总是有两个极端。在这两个极端，铸造新词被展示—直觉与公式。
The delusional intuition is a full phenomenon that has an overflowing, inundating character for the subject. It reveals a new perspective to him, one whose stamp of originality, whose characteristic savor, he emphasizes, as Schreber does in speaking of the fundamental language to which his experience introduced him.
幻觉的直觉是一个完整的现象，对于主体而言，这个现象具有满溢泛滥的特性。它对于主体显示一种新的观点，主体强调这一个观点的原创性印记，具有特色的风味，如同苏瑞伯所强调的，当他言说他的经验跟他介绍的这个基本的语言。
There, the word – with its full emphasis, as when one says the word for, the solution to, an enigma – is the soul of the situation.
在那里，这个字词—以它的完整的强调，如同当我们说：「一个谜团的字词，一个谜团的解答」。这就是这个情境的灵魂。
At the opposite pole there is the form that meaning takes when it no longer
refers to anything at all. This is the formula that is repeated, reiterated,
drummed in with a stereotyped insistence. It’s what we might call, in contrast to the word, the refrain.
在这个相反的极端，就是意义採取的形，式，当它不再提到任何东西。这就是这个被重复，被反复强调，灌输的公式，具有典型的坚持。这就是我们所谓的叠句，字词的对比。
These two forms, the fullest and the emptiest, bring the meaning to a halt,
it’s like lead in the net [plomb dans le filet], in the network, of the subject’s
discourse – a structural characteristic in which, once we approach it clinically,
we recognize the mark of delusion.
这两种形式，最完整与最空洞的形式，将意义终止。就像网罟里的铅块，在网络里的铅块。主体论述的铅块。这是一种结构性的特色。在里面，我们一旦从临床探讨到它，我们体认出幻觉的这个记号。
This is how this language we can let ourselves be taken in by in our first initial contact with the subject, sometimes even the most delusional subject, brings us to the point of going beyond his conception and positing the term discourse.
For, to be sure, these patients speak to us in the same language as ourselves. Without this component, we would be in total ignorance. It’s therefore the economy of discourse, the relationship between meaning and meaning, the relationship between their discourse and the common organization of discourse, that allows us to ascertain that delusion is involved.
这就是我们如何让我们自己被这个语言欺骗的方式，由于我们首次跟主体接触。有时甚至是最具有幻觉的主体，这个语言带我们来到这一点，要超越他的观念，并提出「论述」的这个术语。因此，这是论述的运作，意义与意义之间的关系，这个论述与共同的论述组织之间的关系，容许我们确定里面会牵涉到幻觉。
雄伯说
32hsiung@pchome.com.tw
http://springhero.wordpress.com
