The Psychoses 11
精神病患
Jacques Lacan
雅克、拉康
Ill
The Other and psychosis
大他者与精神疾病
HOMOSEXUALITY AND PARANOIA
同性恋与偏执狂
THE WORD AND THE REFRAIN
文字与叠句
AUTOMATISM AND ENDOSCOPY
自动机制与内视镜检视
PARANOID KNOWLEDGE
偏执狂的知识
GRAMMAR OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
无意识的文法
The life of a psychoanalyst – as I was reminded by my analysands [analysis]
several times on the one day – isn’t rosy.
精神分析家的生活并非是美好幸福—如同有一天我的几位分析者跟我提醒好几次。
The comparison that can be made between the analyst and a rubbish dump
is justified. All day long in fact he has to endure utterances that, surely, are
of doubtful value to himself and even more so to the subject who communicates
them to him.
将分析家与垃圾堆做类比，并非空穴来风。事实上，一整天他必须忍受一些表白，的确，这些表白对于他是否有价值值得怀疑，甚至对于跟他沟通的主体，更是如此。
This is a feeling that the psychoanalyst, if he is a real one, has not only been accustomed to overcoming for a long time, but, to be honest, it’s one that he purely and simply abolishes within himself in the exercise of his practice.
这是精神分析家不但长久以来已经习惯于克服的一种感觉，而且坦白地说，这种感觉，他实实在在从他的内心里面废除，当他运用他的实践时，假如他是实实在在的分析家。
I must on the other hand say that this feeling comes alive again with all its force when one is led to go over the sum total of works that make up what is called the analytic literature. There is no more disconcerting an exercise for scientific attention than to be made aware over a short space of time of the points of view that authors have elaborated on the same subjects. And nobody seems to perceive the flagrant and permanent contradictions that are brought into play whenever basic concepts arise.
在另一方面，我必须说，这种感觉再一次鲜活起来，由于它的力量，当我们被引导要温习那一大堆所谓的精神分析文献组成的著作的总数。这是最令人困窘的科学专注的运作，当我们被迫知道作者们对于相同的主题的建构的观点，往往仅维持一段短时期。似乎没有人感觉这些显著而永久的悖论会产生，每当基本的观念出现时。
1
You know that psychoanalysis explains the case of President Schreber, and paranoia in general, by portraying the subject’s unconscious drive as nothing other than a homosexual tendency.1 Drawing attention to all the facts grouped around such a notion was surely fundamentally new, and it profoundly changed our outlook on the pathogenesis of paranoia.
你们知道，精神分析解释苏瑞伯庭长及一般偏执狂的案例，描述主体的无意识冲动，当著实实在在是一种同性恋的倾向。吸引大家注意所有被汇集到事实，这样一个观念，确实基本上是新颖的。它深刻地改变了我们对于偏执狂的病因学。
But as for knowing what this homosexuality is, at which point of subjective economy it acts, how it occasions the psychosis – 1 believe I can testify that, in this sense, all the outlines we have contain the most imprecise, even the most contradictory approaches.
但是关于知道这个同性恋是什么，它根据主体的生命活力的哪一点运作，它如何产生精神疾病。我相信我能够证实，以这个意义，我们拥有的所有的轮廓，包括这个最不准确的，甚至最悖论的方法。
People speak of defense against the supposed irruption – and why this irruption at this point? – of the homosexual tendency. But this is far from having been proved, if one is to give a meaning that is in any way precise to the term defense – which one is very careful not to do, so as to be able to continue cogitating in the dark. It’s nevertheless clear that there is a constitutive ambiguity here and that the defense maintains a far from univocal relation with the cause that provokes it. It’s thought either that the defense helps maintain a certain equilibrium or else that it provokes the illness.
人们谈论对于防止所谓的同性恋倾向发作的防卫机制。为什么会在这个时刻发作？但是这根本没有被证明，假如我们想要给予意义，这个意义就「防卫机制」这个术语而言，实在是正确的。我们非常小心地不要去证明，为了要能够继续在黑暗里探索沉思。可是，显而易见的，在此有一个内容结构的模糊暧昧，这个防卫机制维持一个更加一致的关系，跟引起它的原因。大家也认为，这种防卫机制帮忙维持某种的平衡，要不然它会引起疾病。
We are also assured that the initial determinants of Schreber’s psychosis are to be sought in the moment of onset of the different phases of his illness.
我们也确定，苏瑞伯的精神疾病的这个最初的决定因素，应该被寻找，在他的疾病的不同时期的开始的时刻。
You know that around 1886 he had his first crisis, whose co-ordinates people
try to show us by means of his Memoirs – at that time he had nominated for
the Reichstag, we are told.2 Between this crisis and the second, which covers
a period of eight years, Magistrate Schreber was normal, with the exception
that his hope of paternity was unfulfilled.
你们知道，在1886年，他遭遇的他的第一次危机。人们尝试跟我们显示这次危机的座标，凭借他的回忆录—，在当时，他曾经提名充当首席法官，我们这样被告诉。在这次的危机跟第二次危机之间，中间区隔八年，苏瑞伯法官是正常的，除了，他想要拥有子女的愿望并没有被实现。
At the end of this period he happened to accede, in a way that up to a point was premature and certainly at an age at which it could not have been foreseen, to a very high function, that of Presiding Judge of the Leipzig Court of Appeal. This function, which was in the nature of an eminent distinction, conferred authority on him, so it’s
said, that elevated him to responsibility that, though not quite total, was at least greater and heavier than any he could have hoped for, which gives the impression that there was a relation between his promotion and the onset of the crisis.
在这个时期的结束，他恰巧必须同意，以直到当时是早熟的方式，确实在一个当时很难预见的年纪，他必须同意一个非常高的功用，雷普西格的上诉法庭的首席法官的功用，那是崇高地位的性质，授予权威给他。所以据说，那个权威提升他的责任，这个责任虽然不是全部，至少比起他本来所能期望的更大更沉重。这给予这个印象，在他的升官与危机的开始之间，有密切关系。
In other words, in the former case one appeals to the fact that Schreber was unable to satisfy his ambition, and in the other that it was fulfilled from the outside, in a manner that is virtually consecrated as being undeserved.
换句话说，在前者的个案，我们诉诸于这个事实; 苏瑞伯不能够满足他的企图心。在后者的个案，它从外在被满足，使用的方式几乎是被奉献，作为不值得。
These two events are given the same value as trigger. It’s carefully noted that
the President had no children, so as to assign a prime role to the notion of paternity. But at the same time it’s claimed that because he finally accedes to the position of father, the fear of castration thus comes to life in him again, with a corresponding homosexual craving.
这两个事件被给予相同的价值，作为启动者。我们细心地注意到，苏瑞伯首席法官并没有子女，为了指定一个重要的角色，给予充当父亲的观念。但是同时地，根据宣称，他最后同意的父亲这个位置，阉割的恐惧因此在他的身上，再一次栩栩如生起来，带有一种相应的同性恋的渴望。
This is what is supposed to be directly at issue in the onset of the crisis and to entail all the distortions, pathological deformations, and mirages that progressively evolve into a delusion.
这就是被认为直接引起争论的地方，在危机的开始，并且涵盖所有的扭曲，病态的畸形，及逐渐演化成为一种幻觉。
Surely the fact that the masculine characters in the medical entourage are present from the outset, that they are named one after the other and successively come to the centre of President Schreber’s extreme paranoid persecution, is enough to show their importance.
的确，在医学的照护，男性的角色从一开始就存在，他们陆续地被命名，并且连续第成为苏瑞伯的极端偏执狂的迫害的核心人物。这个事实，就足够显示他们的重要性。
This is, in a word, a transference – which is undoubtedly not to be taken in quite the sense that we usually mean, but it’s something of that order, bound up in a special way with those in whose care he had been.
总之，这是一种移情—无可置疑的，不要用我们通常的意思去理解这种移情，而是某件那种层次的东西，以特别的方式跟他所接受的照顾的方式息息相关。
Undoubtedly this is an adequate explanation of the choice of characters, but before we become too satisfied with this overall arrangement it needs to be observed that, in providing its motivation, the proof by the contrary is neglected. People fail to realize that both fear of the struggle and premature success are given the value of a sign with the same positive sense in each case.
无可置疑地，这是一种充分的解释，对于人物的选择。但是在我们成为太过于满足它所需要被观察到这个全面性的安排。当提供它的动机时，相反的一面的证据被忽略。人们无法体认到，奋斗与过早成功的双重恐惧被给予一种讯息的价值，在两个情况，都具有相同的正面的价值。
If by chance President Schreber had, between his two crises, become a father, this would be emphasized and much would be made of the fact that this paternal function would have been unbearable for him. In short, the notion of conflict is always played upon in an ambiguous manner – the source of conflict and, what is much less easy to see, the absence of conflict are placed on the same level. The conflict leaves an empty place, one might say, and it’s in the empty place of the conflict that a reaction, a
construction, a bringing into play of subjectivity, appears.
假如偶然地，苏瑞伯首席法官在他的两次危机之间，成为父亲，这将会被强调，这是事实将会被重视： 这个父亲的功用对于他而言，本来会上无可忍受的。总之，冲突的观念总是以一个模糊暧昧的方式被扮演。冲突的来源，更加不容易看出的，与冲突的欠缺，被放置在相同的层次。这种冲突留下一个空洞的位置，我们不妨说，这是在冲突的这个空洞的位置，一种反应，一种建构，一种主体性的运作会发生。
This suggestion is only designed to show you that the same ambiguity as the one our last lesson was about is at work, the ambiguity of the very meaning of a delusion, and which here is concerned with what is normally called the content and which I would prefer to call the psychotic statement [dire].
这种建议仅是被设计为了跟你们显示，这个相同的模糊，如同我们上一次研讨班讨论的相同模糊，正在运作。一种幻觉的这个意义的模糊，在此它关系到正常所谓的内容，我宁可称之为精神疾病的陈述。
You think you are dealing with someone who is communicating with you because he speaks the same language as you. And then, what he is saying is so understandable that you get the feeling, particularly if you are a psychoanalyst, that here is someone who has penetrated, in a more profound way than is given to the common lot of mortals, into the very mechanism of the system of the unconscious. Somewhere in the second chapter Schreber expresses it in passing – Enlightenment rarely given to mortals has been given to me}
你们认为你们正在处理某个正在跟你沟通的人，因为他谈论跟你相同的语言。然后，他所正在说的，是如此可了解，以致于你获得这种感觉，特别是假如你是一位精神分析家，在此是某个曾经贯彻的人，以一种更加深刻的方式，超越有限生命的众生的命运，进入无意识的系统的机制。在第二章的某个地方，苏瑞伯偶然这样表达： 我获得到天启，是一般众生难得一见的。
My discourse today is about this ambiguity whereby the very system of the
delusional is supposed to provide us with the elements of its own understanding.
我今天的论述是关于这个模糊，幻觉者的神经系统被认为提供给与我们，以它自己的理解的要素。
雄伯译
32hsiung@pchome.com.tw
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